Financial Markets and institutions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Budgetary Markets and establishments - Assignment Example Walk 16 saw a far and away more terrible circumstance in which financial information of the US painted a grim viewpoint for the economy. Entire deals costs were seen expanding more than anticipated, while a lower than anticipated interest in the lodging part drove the speculators to the brink and frenzy selling occurred. Financial specialists looked for asylum in US Treasuries rather than the stocks. Another key factor that brought down the stock record was the way that choice costs bounced up by 21% given the circumstance in Japan. In any case, the list spared effortlessness and moved up by practically 2.2% in the accompanying two days, attributable to the way that G& offered their help with assisting with controlling the Japanese disaster. Simultaneously, the US producing part enrolled consistent development figures which helped the S&P file. Another key factor was that speculators showed a somewhat higher hazard hunger and this saw Treasuries going down as yields rose to 3 .26% from 3.19%. The most essential determinant of any record is the monetary standpoint of the locale. S&P was exceptionally affected by the monetary information that was approaching. The debacle in Japan prodded the way that US imports from the district would endure. This could cause creation issues in the US, which relied upon apparatus and crude material from Japan. Moreover, the monetary markers, for example, inflationary weight and feeble interest explained the way that the GDP development would back off. These suppositions set off the ascent in US treasuries which were viewed as a place of refuge. Oil costs brought the vitality costs up in US, yet in addition made a feeling of fear in OMCs’ who were in danger of gracefully stuns. Financial specialists offloaded these stocks, judging that the P/E measures would drop because of lower gaining concerns. Present valuation of future incomes, or rather the capacity to produce future incomes was the significant determinant in the decay and the ascent in the market during this week. As referenced over, the ascent in assembling development recommended that the division would show positive returns, consequently the market bounced up. Universal help for the Japanese supported conclusions that their creation limit would before long standardize. Financial specialists accepting this as a positive sign and the S&P 500 made progress on this. The financial hypothesis separated from present estimation of incomes which applies to the S&P’s vacillation is the swelling advancement. On the off chance that swelling perseveres, at that point money related fixing could happen. Any climb in financing costs would hurt monetary development, and such opinions can cause a decrease in the lists. As referenced before, the greatest determinant of value developments of stock files are the monetary pointers and desires for these markers. On the off chance that desires persuade that there will be a positive change , at that point the costs of these lists will hop up. The other side of the coin is that on the off chance that slants see the market variables to be troublesome, at that point a descending winding can result. Monetary Crisis 2008-11 Introduction The worldwide money related emergency which began in mid 2007 has demonstrated to be maybe the incredible budgetary fiasco ever. In spite of the fact that it follows its underlying foundations back to the beginning of the centuries, the resulting emergency was generally grim in the course of recent years. What started as an emergency of the sub-prime home loan showcase in the United States immediately rose above national fringes and formed into an

Greek and Roman Architecture

Running Head: Greek and Roman Architecture Greek and Roman Architecture By: Michelle Garrotters Art 101 November second, 2008 Head: Greek and Roman Architecture Compare the qualities and development of every Greek and Roman Architecture. The Greek and Roman engineering is great for their time as well as presently today. The Greek design utilizes the sections in practically the entirety of their sanctuaries. The states of the sections were critical to the Greeks. They utilized three distinct sorts of sections. The â€Å"Doric†, â€Å"Ionic†, and the â€Å"Corinthian†.All of these sections have a focal point that would be for showing their Greek God(s) with what ever enhancements. The Temple of Olympian Zeus is a case of â€Å"Corinthian† sections. The Temple of Poseidon is a case of â€Å"Doric† segments, and Athens is a case of â€Å"Ionic† sections. The Greeks normally worked with either mud, wood, mortar, and additionally stone. A large por tion of their structures have not stood the trial of time. Just sanctuaries made with marble or limestone these were worked as objects of workmanship regarding their various divine beings. These have had the option to withstand the harm that time brings.The Roman engineering utilized generally curves in their works. Which held more weight than the segments. Indeed they utilized segments however just as design due to the weight. The Pantheon in Rome is an incredible case of this design. This structure housed two lords and is one of the greatest enduring structure in Rome. Romans utilized indistinguishable materials from the Greeks particularly the Marble and Limestone. Be that as it may, they culminated the utilization of solid, which is the thing that the greater part of their structures are made with. The vast majority of the Romans structures that are as yet safeguarded today are amphitheaters, bathhouses, water channels, and open lodging. Not at all like the Greeks theRomans did their structures with bunches of elaborate on both inside and outside mirroring the â€Å"Pursuit of Pleasure† which is a fundamental piece of the Roman culture. In synopsis, Greek design is progressively rectilinear and of â€Å"post and lintel† development. Greek structures generally rectilinear, comprised off pediment upheld by sections on a plinth for a base. Romans aced the curve and the arch. Concrete made it conceivable to have progressively complex structures. Sections were utilized in both with the Greek preferring the Doric and Ionic for the cleaner lines. While the Romans wanted to utilize the more elaborate Corinthian style segments.

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading on February 16, 2017

Peek Over Our Shoulders What Rioters Are Reading on February 16, 2017 In this feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). See a Rioter who is reading your favorite book? I’ve included the link that will take you to their author archives (meaning, that magical place that organizes what they’ve written for the site). Gird your loins â€" this list combined with all of those archived posts will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Liberty Hardy   Little Fires Everywhere by Celeste Ng (Sept. 7, Penguin Press): HELL YES. It’s about a woman and her daughter who move to a new town and make friends, but seem to be harboring secrets. So excited for this! (galley) The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O. by Neal Stephenson and Nicole Galland (June 13, William Morrow): This novel claims to offer “history, science, magic, mystery, intrigue, and adventure” is one place! And I love Neal Stephenson. (e-galley) Howl’s Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones: Somehow I have made it through life without having read this???? And didn’t know there was a movie??? FIXING IT. (paperback) Ghachar Ghochar by Vivek Shanbhag  (Author), Srinath Perur (Translator): So far, this is a marvelous little novel about a family in India whose fortune changes when a family business takes off. (paperback) Steph Auteri   Overwhelmed by Brigid Schulte: Because, as the work-at-home, refuses-to-pay-for-child-care mother of a toddler, I am officially overwhelmed. (Ebook) Don’t Just Do Something, Sit There by Sylvia Boorstein: I’m taking this book (about how to create your own mindfulness retreat) with me on my long weekend trip up to Kripalu. (Paperback) Jessica Woodbury   Six Four by Hideo Yokoyama: Give me a Japanese crime novel any day forever and ever please. (Audiobook) Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz: Agatha-Christie-esque, goes nicely with a cup of tea. (egalley) Casey Stepaniuk   Son of a Trickster by Eden Robinson: I was THRILLED to receive a review copy of this book, as Eden Robinson is one of my all-time favourite writers and she hasn’t published any fiction for many years. I am obviously LOVING it. (Hardcover) Midnight Riot by Ben Aaronovitch: A friend recommended this on audio as a great British mystery with magic and interesting content about race. So far it is everything she said it was! (Audiobook) Tracy Shapley   History is All You Left Me by Adam Silvera: I really want to love this YA book, which I received in the February My Lit Box, but I just don’t. The dialogue doesn’t read as believable to me at all and the parts of this book that are supposed to be emotionally charged (read: all of them) just aren’t hitting me. (Hardcover) The Mercy of Thin Air by Ronlyn Domingue: This book came with the February Thrifty Books box and so far I’m enjoying it. It’s a story that follows a woman’s life / afterlife over a good 150+ years, mostly through sometimes-confusing flashbacks. I wish this book had been organized differently, but for fans of a good love story and lush writing, I’m sure it would be a hit. (paperback) The Voysey Inheritance by Harley Granville-Barker. I’m reading this play for a class I’m taking at the University of Iowa called “Dirty Sexy Money: Class, Commerce, and Desire in Modern British Drama,” which is pretty fantastic, I must say! This play has some of the most interesting stage directions I’ve seen, though I’m not particularly well versed in drama, modern British or otherwise. (paperback) Tiffani Willis   Mycroft Holmes by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Anna Waterhouse I am continuing my Sherlock-themed reading series with a story that focuses on the elder of the Holmes brothers.We know what to expect from Sherlock or a Sherlock like character; it will be interesting to see how Mycroft differs (or doesn’t). (Paperback) Archie Vol. 1: The New Riverdale by Mark Waid, Fiona Staples, Annie Wu, and Veronica Fish Jughead Vol. 1 by Chip Zdarsky and Erica Henderson   I never really read any of the Archie comics growing up (or any comics really) but now I’m watching the new teen soap Riverdale so it seemed like a good time to give it a try. A work colleague raved about Jughead in particular (and is not watching Riverdale because its Jughead is different from the comics) so definitely had to give that one a try. (Trade Paperback) Eric Smith   The Education of Margot Sanchez by Lilliam Rivera: I love a good YA contemporary novel about teens feeling out of place, and trying to figure out where they fit in. And that’s what’s happening in Rivera’s debut novel, a really lovely story about a girl forced to work in her family’s supermarket to make up for racking up credit card debt… using her father’s card. She has an image to maintain at her school, and working in the market does NOT gel with it. It feels a bit like Charlotte Huang’s Going Geek, and I’m really adoring it. (ARC, Out February 21st with Simon Schuster) Patricia Elzie   1984 by George Orwell: I’m on a dystopian novel kick right now for obvious reasons. I realized that I’d never actually read 1984 and we have a copy on the shelf so I decided to pick it up. My partner and I are reading at the same time, and will discuss when we each finish. So far, it’s terrifying and I have the feeling that it’s only going to make me more anxious. (Paperback) The Amazon Way: 14 Leadership Principles Behind the World’s Most Disruptive Company by John Rossman: I love business books, especially books on employee culture and management. I have friends who work at Amazon and I know they work very, very hard but I was curious to know more about the company, beyond what I just see when I’m ordering items or watching things via Amazon Prime. I’m almost done with this book and I find it absolutely fascinating. There are principles that I think would be great to apply not only to my current job, but in life in general. (ebook) Sarah Nicolas   The Sun is Also a Star by Nicola Yoon: I’m so glad Nicola wrote this story for today’s world. I only wish I would have read it sooner. (Overdrive audiobook) Dealing with People You Can’t Stand by Dr. Rick Brinkman Dr. Rick Kirschner: I saw this in the nonfiction section of Overdrive and the title spoke to me. That’s all I can say without getting into trouble. (Overdrive audiobook) We Are Okay by Nina LaCour: I was so excited the publisher offered me an early review copy of this book! I loved Everything Leads to You so I can’t wait to get started on this one. (audiobook) The Bourbon Thief by Tiffany Reisz: I asked twitter what I should listen to next and Tiffany tweeted at me right away. I have a hard copy of this book, but haven’t got to it yet, so now I’m listening to it! (library audiobook) Karina Glaser   Courage to Soar: A Body in Motion, A Life in Balance by Simone Biles: As a former gymnast, I love reading first hand accounts of amazing gymnasts. I’m loving this autobiography, a great read for teenagers and older who want to learn more about this incredible woman. The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate by Jacqueline Kelly: I’ve been meaning to read this book for awhile, and when I finally got it from the library I read one chapter and immediately bought it from my indie bookstore. I knew I needed a copy for myself! Now I’m reading the library book and my daughter is reading our copy, and we’re having fun enjoying it together. Priya Sridhar   Certain Dark Things and Signal to Noise by Silvia Moreno Garcia: Silvia is one of the best writers to tackle SFF, to discuss living among vampires or exploring the power of music. Certain Dark Things portrays Mexico City as a hub spot for Aztec blood drinkers to get their blood fix while avoiding gang wars. Instead of a male vampire seducing a hapless teenager, a vampire on the lam sucks blood from a garbage kid. Signal to Noise is about how a teenager finds that certain vinyl records have magic. She may get busted for skipping class, but Meche soon finds that she can wield power over her destiny, to help her friends and family get better lives. Alison Doherty   The Presidents Club: Inside the World’s Most Exclusive Fraternity by Nancy Gibbs: It’s been fun to learn more about history and the government without engaging in the current political situation. (Audiobook) History Is All You Left Me by Adam Silvera: I wasn’t sure if I wanted to read a book with such a sad premise right now, but the overwhelmingly positive buzz I’ve heard about this story won me over. I’m glad. It’s sad, but that’s not all. I think I’m feeling all the emotions while reading this one. (Hardcover) March: Book One by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell: I’ve been wanting to read this since the National Book Awards and have been on the waiting list since at my local library. I’m relatively inexperienced when it comes to graphic novels but am very excited to be reading this one! (Paperback) Katie McGuire   The Lonely Hearts Hotel by Heather O’Neill: I received this galley in the mail the other day and, quite simply, I couldn’t resist the cover, the title, or the description. (Galley) Queen of Spies by Paddy Hayes: I’ve had this in my pile for almost a year now and I feel awful that I didn’t get to read it before it was published. But I’ve decided to try to read more nonfiction this year (and, specifically, more nonfiction about spies), so Paddy Hayes’s recounting of the life and career of Daphne Park, a British SIS officer who served in various capacities through World War II and the Cold War, fits the bill perfectly. (Galley) Rolling Blackouts by Sarah Glidden: In 2010, Glidden set out on a trip to the Middle East with three friendsâ€"two independent journalists and an Iraq War vetâ€"in order to connect with the people living there. Along the way, the group spoke to travelers, locals, government officials, and refugees, and Glidden found herself pondering enormous questions, from America’s involvement in the Middle East to ethics in journalism and how best to present a news story. Rolling Blackouts is teaching me some thingsâ€"but more importantly, it’s making me think. (Hardcover) Jan Rosenberg   The Three-Body Problem by Liu Cixin: I have heard such wonderful things about this book. It won the Hugo Award for best novel, there are aliens in it, and Obama gave it a shout-out. I really enjoy books in translation, and am big on Science Fiction and/or Speculative Fiction. I say and/or because nothing feels Speculative anymore… I’m about forty pages in and am already enchanted. (Paperback) Jessica Yang   The Princess Diarist by Carrie Fisher: I admit that Im very, very late to the Carrie Fisher appreciation party, but after her passing, I learned a lot about her and wanted to learn even more. Ive finally got ahold of her book, and am really looking forward to it! (hardcover) Derek Attig   Exit West by Mohsin Hamid: This seemed like a particularly good time to read a beautiful, humane, strange book about refugees. (egalley) Schadenfreude: A Love Story by Rebecca Schuman: A comic memoir from one of the funniest, sharpest writers around? And it’s about Germany and love and coming of age as a great big awkward nerd? Sign me up. (galley) Ilana Masad   Waking Gods by Sylvain Neuvel: I got several copies of the first book in the Themis Files series from a publicist. I finally decided to read it when I got the second (or maybe third) copy of the book, and boy am I glad I did. I gobbled up Sleeping Giants in a day and a half, and was lucky enough to have the ARC of the second book, Waking Gods with me as well. Excellent read, fast-paced, fascinating, stay-up-all-night kind of book.  (Advanced Reader Copy) Grace by Natashia Deon: I bought this book when I heard the author read at University of California-Northridge in Los Angeles in November, 2016. The author signed it, and is an absolute sweetheart, and I am so excited to finally get to read this book, which has been sitting by my bed since then, aching to be opened.  (Hardcover) Erin Burba   The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Malcolm X: So excited to finally be reading this for the social justice book club (ebook) Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin by Sabrina Fulton and Tracy Martin. I just started this and I’m simultaneously looking forward to and dreading this book. I can’t imagine the pain that Trayvon’s parents have experienced. I’m amazed by their ability to channel their deep love for their son into action. (audio) Tasha Brandstatter   Born a Crime by Trevor Noah: For a readalong I’m hosting at Book Bloggers International. (hardcover) A Crown of Bitter Orange by Laura Florand: New Laura Florand novel! (ebook) Katie McLain A Walk in the Woods by Bill Bryson: I’m not usually a travel memoir sort of reader, but this book has been recommended so many times that I finally decided to give it a go.  Quickly realized that this was EXACTLY the type of book I needed to read funny, compelling, and it even prompted me to start researching outdoor-style weekend getaways for my boyfriend and me! Plus it fulfills a Read Harder challenge!  (audio) Elizabeth Allen   Circling the Sun by Paula McLain. I did not read The Paris Wife and this is not normally the type of book I’d pick up on my own… but I’d do anything for my beloved bookgroup. And so far, I’m realizing that my distaste for the cover and my subsequent judging of the book was premature and completely incorrect. This is the perfect book to read after Elizabeth Warren “nevertheless (she) persisted.” Books about bad ass ladies is exactly what I need right now. (paperback) Nicole Brinkley Wonder Woman: Warbringer by Leigh Bardugo: It’s Leigh Bardugo’s new YA novel about Wonder Woman. When somebody hands you an advance reader’s copy of Leigh Bardugo writing Wonder Woman, you stop what you’re doing and read it. It’s law, or something. (galley) Sophia Khan   Final Girls by Riley Sager (Dutton, 7/11/17): I saw that Stephen King praised this story about sole survivors of “horror-story scale massacres” and was instantly sold. It’s allowing me to indulge in my love of 80’s slasher films with a modern spin. (e-gally) Emma Nichols   Shaking a Leg: Collected Journalism and Writing by Angela Carter: I stumbled on this at Powell’s during my last visit. I had no idea Carter was such a prolific non-fiction writer. Now I read one essay or so a night before bed; it’s a thick book, but her topics vary wildly so I don’t mind if it takes all year to finish. (paperback) Tara Olivero A Gathering of Shadows by V.E. Schwab: Because A Darker Shade of Magic emotionally wrecked me and I’m trying to prepare myself for the third book’s release on Friday. (Hardcover) Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay: Because I finally found the copy I bought last year but lost so I didn’t have a chance to finish reading it. (Paperback) Jaime Herndon   All Grown Up by Jami Attenberg: A unique spin on the girl-in-the-city stories; a smart, insightful book about family, finding oneself, and growing up. (galley) Negroland by Margo Jefferson: Margo was one of my professors, and I’ve been meaning to read this forever. (paperback) What We Do Now: Standing up for Your Values in Trump’s America by various authors: self-explanatory. This Close to Happy: A Reckoning with Depression by Daphne Merkin: I’m a sucker for a good memoir, especially about subjects that hit close to home. (hardback) Sonja Palmer   Dear Ijeawele, or a Feminist Manifesto in 15 Suggestions by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichi: I picked this up because I love Adiche’s work (egalley) One Hundred Nights of Hero by Isabel Greenburg: I keep hearing amazing things about it, and hey, everyone was right! (hardback) The Bone Witch by Rin Chupeco: Girl discovers she is a necromancer when she accidentally raises her brother from the dead. I mean, that sounds amazing. (egalley) Kristen McQuinn   Norse Mythology by Neil Gaiman. It just came out this week and of course Id preordered it. I also teach mythology so Im likely going to use this as a secondary text or alternative suggestion for some students, if it holds up well. (Hardcover) Im also reading Black Man in a White Coat by Damon Tweedy. Its for a book club. Im only on chapter one but am liking it well enough so far. (Audio book). Kareem Shaheen   As the Red Carnation Fades by Feyza Hepçilingirler. This is a feminist book set in 1980s Turkey, when in the aftermath of a military coup and a crackdown on leftist thought, a mother of two and university lecturer finds herself suspended from work and exiled to a Black Sea coastal city for her teachings. There she struggles to figure out a way to negotiate what a patriarchal society expects from her as a mother and her desire to be an independent free thinker with ambitions of her own. I’ve been trying to read more books by women from the Middle East and Turkey as part of my own education and as part of familiarizing myself with Turkish society, as I’m now based in Istanbul as a correspondent. Teresa Preston   Cruel, Beautiful World by Caroline Leavitt. I’m trying to read books on my lunch breaks instead of falling down internet rabbit holes, and reading books on my phone means not having to carry heavy books to work, so I’m using the time to catch up on e-galleys I never got around to. This one is pretty absorbing so far! Who We Be: The Colorization of America by Jeff Chang. I’m trying to educate myself by reading more books about race in America, and several people recommended this to me. It focuses on the post-Civil Rights era, which means a lot of it took place in my lifetime, and I’m finding it interesting to revisit some of these events with a different lens. Homegoing by Yaa Gyasi. I’m trying to read as many competitors in the Morning News Tournament of Books as I can. Once I finish this one (which I’ve barely started), I’ll only have four to go! Christine Hoxmeier   Unbound by Ann E. Burg: I picked up this book at the fabulous Books of Wonder during a trip to NYC last year, because although I was on a book buying fast in 2016, everyone knows books bought on vacation DO NOT count. Thank goodness for that loophole, because although I’ve just started to dive into this novel in verse, I am already thoroughly engrossed by the voice of Grace, a slave girl who has just started working in the Big House. (Hardcover) Octopus Pie Volume 1 by Meredith Gran: I don’t know about you, but I am in deep need of some simple, slice of life comics to read. I can’t remember where I first heard about Octopus Pie, but it was probably an employee recommendation from my local comic book store. I was browsing the library comic shelves this week and noticed volume one sitting there, just waiting for me to check it out. I’m looking forward to meeting these characters and winding down with some simple humor in the evenings after work. (Paperback) Sarah S. Davis The Fortunes by Peter Ho Davies: Im always down for interconnected stories, and Davies’ novel ties together the Chinese American experience through four different storylines. History of Wolves by Emily Fridlund: Bleak Minnesota landscapes and hypnotic narration characterize this captivating debut novel driven by an impending sense of doom. About A Boy by Nick Hornby: Sometimes, when the world is bleak, you just need a reliably witty and warm novel by Nick Hornby. Beth O’Brien My (Not So) Perfect Life by Sophie Kinsella:  This is exactly what I needed. I’m not really a series person so I’ve only read a few of the Shopaholic books, but I love Kinsella’s standalones. So far, this one does not disappoint! It’s the perfect thing to cheer me up this dreary, wintery week. (Hardcover) Jesus Feminist by Sarah Bessey:  Because my Jesus is one radical dude; my Jesus is a feminist. So far loving how Bessey tackles commonly held misconceptions and misunderstandings of the intended role of women. (Paperback) Ashley Bowen-Murphy   What Do You Do With An Idea by Kobi Yamada and illustrated by Mae Besom: I’m putting together a care package for a friend’s kid that’s all social justice and radical history kids books. Although this is a more conceptual part, I picked this up and loved how it gets kids (and adults) to think about what they know even before they know it. The Animators by Kayla Rae Whitaker: Complicated female friendships? Dark imagery? Artists being their worst and best selves? Sign me up. Which is what I literally did in this case because it was my Book of the Month pick. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 by W.E.B. DuBois: I’ve been reading a few pages of this a day, a kind of a daily devotional to American history (in content and practice). Megan Cavitt   The Unbeatable Squirrel Girl, volumes 1-3 by Ryan North (story) and Erica Henderson (art): I used to be a gritty superheroes kind of gal (I started reading capes and tights comics because of Batman), but lately I’ve been suffering from grimdark fatigue. If you’re looking for a whimsical, self-aware, and meme-worthy superhero, this book is positively perfect in every way. (library paperbacks) Jamie Canaves   The Secret History of Las Vegas by Chris Abani: I’ve been wanting to read this for a while so I moved it up on my list because I’m in the mood for anything labeled “gritty.” Eight chapters in and super glad I finally started reading it. (audiobook) If We Were Villains by M. L. Rio: I read two fantastic mystery debuts recently from Flatiron so this was a must read. (ARC) Lucky (A Detective Jack Yu Investigation #5) by Henry Chang: Chinese detective in Chinatown, yes please! (egalley) My Favorite Thing is Monsters by Emil Ferris: Set in the ‘60s, with a murder mystery, and B-movie iconographyâ€"this sounds amazing and I had to have it! (egalley) Claire Handscombe   The Chilbury Ladies’ Choir by Jennifer Ryan. I’ve been paying more attention to British books this year, and this one seemed right up my street. It is! If you like Downton Abbey and/or The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, you’ll likely love it. It’s great. And out this week in the US! (digital galley) Ines Bellina     The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead: I snagged tickets to see Colson Whitehead speak in Chicago, but had yet to pick up his award-winning book. Events like these are so much better when you’re an informed reader. I can’t wait!    (hardcover)

Middle Ages Dark or Not Essay - 1108 Words

In the year 476 A.D., Rome officially fell as the greatest and most thriving empire at the time. The time period following this downfall was called the Middle Ages, more infamously recalled as the Dark Ages; but were these years truly as dark as historians say? These medieval times lasted for approximately one thousand years, could such a long time period have been all that dreadful? The answer will soon become clear. The Middle Ages deserved to have the alias of the Dark Ages because there were several severe illnesses, the monarchs were cruel, and the crusades brought the death of many. The Middle Ages are known for its abundant amount of deaths from plagues and wars. Let’s first look at what happened particularly in Europe during these†¦show more content†¦The immense sickness wasn’t the only thing dark about Europe’s Middle Ages. The monarchs were cruel and unruly to their subjects while enforcing brutality upon their land and citizens. The laws enforced by these kings and queens were nothing short of diabolical, for there was no set list of limitations and rules meaning that the monarchs could punish anyone for anything, even if that meant simply disturbing the king. The executions of the ‘accused’ were public to the citizens, and were â€Å"a pitiless affair† (McGlynn). The kings ruled with an iron fist as their methods of justice were murderous as executions â€Å"sent out a message of warning and deterrence† and â€Å"offered the ultimate guarantee against repeat offenders†. The message monarchs t ried to send while carelessly shedding blood was that they desired to make a statement, and scare citizens into not committing crimes, for they would know the gruesome consequences. If not death, the â€Å"standard, mandatory sentence† of all accused peoples was mutilation of â€Å"eyes, noses, ears, hands, feet and testicles†. To sum it all up, punishment in the Middle Ages was much more unforgiving than in this modern day of age; being burned at the stake or beheaded by the guillotine are still some of the most spine-tingling punishments to this day. In all of the depressing fog of the Middle Ages, could there truly have been a beneficial factor? Believe it or not, just around when the Dark Ages began,Show MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages : A Look At The Dark Ages718 Words   |  3 PagesZachary Plew 4/18/17 The Middle Ages is associated with the Dark Ages due to the period including social disorder, political turmoil and widespread disease. The Middle Ages was a period between 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. during which Europe experienced many drastic changes following the fall of Rome. Some of these changes were beneficial, but the changes also caused negative effects too. Overall, the Middle Ages was a dark time for Europe. The Middle Ages was a dark time for Europe because thereRead More The Middle Ages or the Dark Ages Essay786 Words   |  4 Pages The Middle Ages Imagine having to bury your own children. How awful would that be? The Middle Ages were a brutal time that included the bubonic plague, many wars and other horrible things. This period is considered to be one of religion and the Catholic Church, but this was overshadowed by chaos and confusion. Although the Middle Ages is often known as the age of faith, a more appropriate title for the time period would be The Dark Ages because of the black death, wars and the collapse of governmentRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Middle Ages And The Dark Ages762 Words   |  4 PagesThe Middle Ages: possibly the wildest time in history. Wars brought to the forefront of everyday life while advances were constantly being made in almost all ways. Tragedy over progress, development over catastrophe. Some call the Medieval period the ‘Age of Faith’ or ‘Age of Feudalism’- one is significantly is less true than the other. Speaking in terms of a truly correct label, there is no ne- but the closest comes in a blend of ‘The Dark Ages’ and ‘The Golden Age’. The Middle Ages should be labeledRead MoreSimilarities Between The Middle Ages And The Dark Ages963 Words   |  4 Pagesdebated in a history class is â€Å"The Middle Ages† also known as the â€Å"The Dark Ages.† In class for an activity we were given a video to watch called â€Å"The Revolution.† A Tv show in which all electricity is shut off, such as water, electronics, radios, lights, ect. This causes another â€Å"Dark age.† Although the show is not real and is only fiction it does hold similarities to this event in the past. One parallel between the two would be â€Å"no democracy.† In both the Dark Age during the fall of Rome and RevolutionRead MoreThe Middle Ages : The Age Of The Middle Ages830 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Ages The middle ages are described as 1,000-year period. The 1,000 years are marked from the moment Costantine, the Roman Emperor, made Christianity an official religion of the empire. People saw the middle ages as an â€Å"in between† period in time. The phrase â€Å"Middle Ages† to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. Historians usually divide the Middle Ages into three smaller periods called the Early Middle Ages, the HighRead MoreThe Decline Of The Middle Ages1506 Words   |  7 Pages The Middle Ages is a medieval time period in Western Europe that lasted from 500 to 1500 C.E. The Middle Ages began as a result from the collapse of the Roman Empire which began in 31 BCE, and fell in 476 C.E. In around 300 C.E. the emperor of the Rome divided the land for easier control. This began the decline of Rome. The Western half of Rome fell to Barbarian invaders, while the eastern half lived on as the Byzantine Empire. The Early Middle Ages began shortly after the western half fell. AfterRead MoreThe Age Of Europe During The Medieval Era1717 Words   |  7 PagesBetween the years 500 A.D. and 1400 A.D., a time referred to as the Middle Ages occurred in Europe. This era began as the Roman Empire collapsed, following the disorder that occurred because of the destruction of the Romans. During this dark time, there was much disorder. Eventually, this time period led to the rise of feudalism, the immense power of the Roman Catholic Church, and many advancements in architecture , literacy, and art. The variety of events that occurred in this period allowed historiansRead MoreThe Middle Ages And Medieval Ages1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages or Medieval Ages is the time period in Europe between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the Renaissance (History). For this paper it will be referred to as the Middle Ages. This time is also sometimes described as the Dark Ages by some because of some of the bad events that happened and because they say nothing of importance came out of the time period. It is true Rome fell, there were many wars which caused many to die, a shortage of food that caused many to die and an awfulRead MoreEssay about The Deserving Titles for the Middle Ages896 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod of slow development called the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages occurred around 500 A.D. to 1400 A.D. The Middle Ages were split into several different time periods called the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages, each period contributing to the tension or progress of the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages is deserving of the titles Age of Feudalism due to this governing style influencing the social order of the society and the Dark Ages because this time was plagued with diseaseRead MoreThe Causes Of The Protestant Reformation1270 Words   |  6 Pagescommon in the Roman Empire. And after the fall of the latter empire, the Dark Ages soon followed because it referred to the lack of inquiries and academic achievements by individuals and societies alike. But after the Dark Ages, Renaissance era soon followed where scholars around the globe became conscious once again and sought for the knowledge that the Greeks once aimed for. The spread of religion was prominent during the Middle Ages. Several movements were made in order to assure the increase in the

Essay on Classification of Authority - 544 Words

A French philosopher by the name of Bertrand de Jouvenel once said â€Å"The phenomenon called authority is at once more ancient and more fundamental than the phenomenon called state; the natural ascendancy of some men over others is the principle of all human organizations and all human advances†. Authority is and always has been present in human civilization in all aspects of life and in different forms. Authority can be classified into three categories: family or parental authority, organizational and bureaucratic authorities, and political authority. Parental and family authority is the most basic of the three categories. The parents give life therefore should have at least some authority over it. In most cultures this is true and†¦show more content†¦Organizations including schools, religious institutions, the military, industries and bureaucracies dictate the behavior of the people belonging to them. Behavior that is not approved of can have several consequences depending on the severity of the act but can include termination from the organization. This kind of authority is important because it keeps people disciplined in the work place and school. People will refrain from breaking the rules set by the organization because they do not want to lose there jobs or position within the organization. The higher the position within the organization the more authority the individual possess. The desire of the members to remain in good standing with the organization is what gives the organization its power. The third categories and perhaps the most powerful of the trio is political authority. Political authority includes the governmental laws and the law enforcement associated with them and is present in modern nations to even the most primitive tribal civilizations. The person or group in power delegates the rules and the individuals lower in the chain of command enforce them. Many modern nations do this by employing a police force, an often armed and intimidating group designed to enforce rules by force if necessary. This type of law enforcement is quite effective because it enforces theShow MoreRelatedOn-going Issues in the Anti-dumping Investigation911 Words   |  4 Pagesanti-dumping agreement is vague and ambiguous. ïÆ'Ëœ The investigating authority enjoys much discretion in like product’s interpretation which leads to a number of inconsistence definition rendered by those national investigation authority. They enjoy manipulate the interpretation of the like product in order to achieve the specific goals. ïÆ'Ëœ The wide discretion grant to national authority should be limited. If not, the national authority investigation will keep playing naughty in interpretation the likeRead MoreThe Concept of Power Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of power that may be important to criminal justice organizations. The main role of power in criminal justice administration should be to gain compliance from subordinates of all types, and turn that power over time into acceptable forms of authority (Stojkovic et al., 2008). It is for this reason that power is an important attribute in criminal justice agencies. It is important as a criminal justice manager, and agency as a whole, to have legitimate power. Power that is not coercive and worksRead MoreDesigning A Design Services For Sprinkler Systems1113 Words   |  5 Pagesquestions that we are unable to answer; unfortunately, yours is one of them. The protection criteria will have to be discussed with the authority having jurisdiction. I m sorry, but we are not able to provide the basic system design for this facility for several reasons: First, there are design considerations that were not provided such as the classification of contents in the storage containers; secondly, we do not perform design services for sprinkler systems; and thirdly, is related to theRead MoreAgency Structure Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pagesof this paper is to provide the functional federal budget classifications for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Secret Service and identify each agency as an executive department or independent agency. Furthermore, provide the appropriate subcommittee for budget requests and give a brief agency history. Additionally, provide the U.S. Secret Services proposed and actual budget authority and outlays for a recent year. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Read MoreA Critical Study Of World Religions By Craig Martin886 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieving, for the sake of this study, that any supernatural claims are false. By exploring such concepts as classification, structured society, and habitus, Martin explains how â€Å"we, as humans, are a product of society†. He focuses on answering questions such as â€Å"what’s going on† and â€Å"whose interests are served† by skeptically looking at the way in which people use legitimation, authority, and authenticity to push their own agendas. Craig Martin is the Assistant Professor of Religious Studies atRead MoreTheories Of How Societies Grew In The Past Have Been Debated997 Words   |  4 Pagesof societies were developed. Elman Service, an American cultural anthropologist, also known as a neo-evolutionist, describes Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States as the four classifications of societies (Farooq, 2014). Chiefdoms differ from bands and tribes in having a more or less permanent, fulltime leader with real authority to make major decisions for their societies (O’Neil, 2006). Genealogy, and the closeness relative to the Chief, is what determine the status of an individual. The Chief’s leadershipRead MoreEssay On Campus Security1515 Words   |  7 Pages__________: We are writing to provide all advisers and House Board members with an update regarding campus security authorities and reporting obligations. The Clery Act is a federal law that requires colleges and universities to publish data about the security policies and crimes occurring on their campuses. One vehicle for data gathering under this act is for campus security authorities (CSAs) to report any crimes they become aware o f to the college or university. Many campuses are mandating thatRead MoreActivity Based Funding Analysis761 Words   |  4 Pagesyears of negotiations and discussions before an agreement was made. (Council of Australian Governments, n.d.). Under the Commonwealth Legislation, the council established an independent government agency known as the Independent Hospital Pricing Authority (IHPA), which was founded to determine the National Efficient Price (NEP), its primary responsibility, it to calculate and benchmark the amount of funding hospitals will receive for treatment and services they provide (Hall, 2015). Once a patientRead MorePublic Sector Human Resources Management Memorandum1112 Words   |  5 Pages________________________________________ I. Issue Identification: This memo presents an analysis of the employment classifications for the state employees of New Mexico, specifically an analysis of the discrepancies that have been brought up regarding a position within the Human Services Department and the Department of Labor. Currently, the position of â€Å"Employment Counselor† in the State of New Mexico holds two different classifications under the Department of Labor (DOL) and the Human Services Department (HSD). Ms. Rose PaddockRead MoreThe Incarceration Of Prisoners1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough to discipline the abuser, more prisoners are held back from informing the authorities. Likewise, newfound evidence confirms that â€Å"Victims of prison rape suffer severe physical and psychological injuries that greatly hinder the ability to integrate in to the community...† (Ashmont 11) These effects are one of the many reasons why prison rape should be taken more seriously and why the abusers, no matter t heir authority, should be severely punished. Though these punishments will not fully compensate

International Business Case Discussion Free Essays

A green field development can be a best way to reduce labor costs. Intel could employ well- educated, reliable workers inexpensively in Costa Rica through the development of green field. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Case Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The international site selection team is important for Intel because they should identify and collect the technical, economic, and environmental protection criteria, develop an evaluation plan, evaluate proposed sites, identify alternatives that meet the purpose and need for the proposed action, and make recommendations to the site-selection official. The various functions and expertise are necessary in site selection team because all site selections involve multiple criteria, it is important that the various members’ expertise be appropriate to the task. 3. There are some risks that Intel must assume as It enters into the development of a silicon manufacturing plant in a foreign country. First, The development costs a lot to start up. Establishing silicon safer semiconductor manufacturing capabilities Is an expensive endeavor, normally ranging between $100 and $300 million Second, This industry is very sensitive industry to time. Such an Investment Is projected approximately two years ahead of production demand. The world of semiconductor manufacturing Is fast paced. Production capabilities must be acquired quickly. 4. Intel supported Costa Rica financially through Greenfield development. Intel had projected an Initial $300 million Investment In a Greenfield development. To a small country such as Costa Rica, a $300 million Investment was equivalent to 2. 1 percent of the country’s GAP. Moreover, There were derivative Impact that this mode of entry had on the economy and the population In general. Intel also had some benefits room entering Costa Rica. They discovered high levels of engineering and software development capabilities that permitted expansion Into more sophisticated processes. 5. I think a acquisition strategy would make the company successful In establishing production capableness In foreign countries. International Business Case Discussion By kiths 3. There are some risks that Intel must assume as it enters into the development of a start up. Establishing silicon safer semiconductor manufacturing capabilities is an industry is very sensitive industry to time. Such an investment is projected manufacturing is fast paced. Production capabilities must be acquired quickly. Projected an initial $300 million investment in a Greenfield development. To a small country such as Costa Rica, a $300 million investment was equivalent to 2. 1 percent of the country’s GAP. Moreover, There were derivative impact that this mode of entry had on the economy and the population in general. Intel also had some benefits development capabilities that permitted expansion into more sophisticated 5. I think a acquisition strategy would make the company successful in establishing production capabilities in foreign countries. How to cite International Business Case Discussion, Papers

The Global Integration Of The Diversity Management In TRANSCO- Case St

Question: Describe about the global integration of the diversity management in TRANSCO? Answer: Introduction is the most prominent topic while studying the IHRM (International Human Resource Management). The longitudinal study of the topic is shown through the case study. As the Multinational companies are expanding their subsidies in the other countries, so the increment in the global workforce is incrementing simultaneously. This case study is mainly helpful in defining the in-depth aspects and the areas of the TRANSCO which is a European Multinational Company. There is no doubt that the TRANSCO creates the marvelous efforts to embed the diversity in their work, but due to the combination of various cultures and working aspect of other countries, the TRANSCO also have to face the challenges too. The report shown below covers the major aspects like the summarization of the report, literature review, identification of the theories and many other aspects. This report will further be helpful in defining the cross cultural management related to the different countries in reference to the TRANS CO. Brief Description The diversity of the workforce and its implementation is becoming very common on the worldwide level. In the past days, the approach was limited to some extent, but now the aspects related to the IHRM are becoming very common. Not only U.S. but the other countries are also initiating the major aspects related to the international trading. (Anbari, et al., 2003) The paper is completely focused on the major aspects related to the global diversity in the TRANSCO situated in the U.S. For defining the other aspects, the paper is divided into three phases i.e. the first phase is related to the initialization and the implementation of the Global diversity, the second phase is associated to the research aspects and the third phase is related to the global integration and institutionally embedded challenges in the organization. In order to fulfill the topic, i.e. the diversity in the organization and the workforce, the definite goals is also defined properly. The main aim of the study is to d efine the integration and the mechanism used by the TRANSCO to manage the global diversity smoothly. (Hofstede, 1997) The second aim is the identification of the challenges which are encountered by the TRANSCO while using the global diversity as their aspect. The third and the more specific aim which is identified by the organization is the selection of the longitudinal case study for defining the global workforce diversity and the Global HRM. The longitudinal study not only provides the facility to do the in-depth analysis, but with the help of this, the dynamic nature of the decision making, interactions and the common challenges is also being identified simultaneously. (Bondarouk, et al., 2011) The research methodology selected for preparing the data is the qualitative methodology of the data collection. The different type of research papers, articles and the journals are selected to define the information on the globalization of the particular topic. The research which is carried out in the article mainly carries the business, cultural and the personal point of view of the organization. From a business perspective, the research predicts the future challenges and is also helpful in finding the recommendations for solving the future issues. As the research is conducted by taking the examples from the various journals and the articles, so it mainly focuses on the important points like the framework, paradigms and the suitable guidelines. While defining the various aspects related to the research, an elaborate form of the strategies related to the international human resource management, delivery of the project and the specific designs to show the global diversity are shown in the case study. With the delivery, integration and the strategies, the case study also focuses on the global HRM perspectives and the role of the SHRM in the MNC. (Mazur, 2010) The case study also highlights all major findings which are helpful in showing the global diversity and management managed by the company within the organization and the subsidies related to it. (Danowitz, et al., 2010) Theory and Literature By studying the particular case study, it is clearly defined that the various journals and the articles are combined to form the well-defined thorough case study. If the deep study of the literature review may be done, then in this, the author covers all the major aspects related to the global integration of the diversity management thoroughly. There are various other literature reviews also which are helpful in defining the diversity management. Through one of the article, the author tries to explain the role of SHRM in the global diversity used by the TRANSCO. One of the diagrams also defines in the case study which shows the importance of the SHRM in organizational decision making. (Berry, 2015) The institutional pressure on the global HRM is also defined in the particular case study. Additional Theories Though, the case study consists of all the important aspects related to the global diversity integration. But, if in this case study, the electronic HRM is also included, then it will become far easier to solve the issues related to the global diversity. The electronic HRM is the method in which the electronic management and processing of the issues can be done, so that they may be handled to a greater extend. (SCImago, 2014) There are also some other literatures which are related to the case study. According to one of the journals, the cultural diversity plays the major role in the global diversity. By analyzing the culture of the own country and the other countries, it becomes easier to manage the global diversity at the vast level. The cultural advantage adds as an additional advantage while doing the business on the international level. Researcher Approach With reference to the topics, the researchers define the facts in favor of the global diversity management. This information is sufficient and well versed with the information. The presentation and the summarization defined by the author is totally perfect and by this, the suitable output is also generated. There may also be some aspects which may provide the additional advantage for the case study. Sippola and Smale present their views of considering the qualitative data. This research is considered as the most reliable and result oriented methodology, but if some of the sections in the case study are represented by the quantitative analysis rather than the qualitative analysis, then it will create the most prominent impact and the purpose of the case study will also get solved thoroughly. (Adler, 1983) Implication of Cross Cultural Management The present case study successfully implements the suitable aspects related to the global diversity. It is also defined above that the TRANSCO is successful in generating the cultural aspects and diversity in the workforce. The TRANSCO established in the Finland was also successful in preparing the policies and the plans, but lacks in the ingrained behavior and practical implementation of the diversity as the organization lacks in the individual cross cultural management. (Kvantaliani Klimina, 2011) The only recommendation which may add in the article is that there can be various solutions which may be added to the case study for maintaining the implication of the individual cross cultural management. (Silva, 2014) Researcher Findings and Conclusions By analyzing and studying the perspectives shown above, it is quite clear that the case study is successful in defining the different phases related to the global diversity. In fact, the policies, rules and regulations, delivery management of the TRANSCO are also well defined through the case study, but still some of the essential facts remain uncovered. If this case study covers the more recommendation, it would be better. The researcher also presents the major views by defining the integration on the basis of the formalization, centralization and on the basis of the information too. (Hooker, 2007) The researcher also focuses on the global management challenges thoroughly. In this, the author defines the normative and the cognitive form of the description which helps TRANSCO to develop the well-defined approach too. The findings and the other important aspects are ended with the implications in which two phase process is being recommended. The first aspect is related to the scale and sophistication of the global diversity management and the second phase is associated with the longitudinal perspective which is helpful in defining the deep analysis of the case study. Finally, after considering all the aspects and the major information about the TRANSCO, it may be concluded that if some of the areas related to global diversity may improve then the TRANSCO can be able to manage the workforce easily and can also provide their best output. Bibliography Adler, N. J., 1983. Cross-Cultural Management: Issues to Be Faced, s.l.: Taylor Francis, Ltd.. Anbari, F. T., Khilkhanova, E. V., Romanova, M. V. Umpleby, S. A., 2003. CROSS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGING INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS, s.l.: gwu.edu. Berry, J. W., 2015. Global psychology: implications for cross-cultural research and management. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 22(03), pp. 342 - 355. Bondarouk, T., Rul, H. Looise, J. C., 2011. Electronic HRM in Theory and Practice. s.l.:Emerald Group Publishing. Danowitz, M. A., Hanappi-Egger, E. Mensi-Klarbach, H., 2010. Diversity in Organizations: Concepts and Practices. s.l.:Palgrave Macmillan. Hofstede, G., 1997. THEORY OF CULTURAL DETERMINISM. [Online] Available at: https://www.tamu.edu/faculty/choudhury/culture.html Hooker, J., 2007. Cross-cultural Issues in Business Ethics, s.l.: Carnegie Mellon University. Kvantaliani, M. Klimina, O., 2011. Implications of cross-cultural communication in business: A study of Swedish small enterprise ImseVimse and its international distributors and retailers, s.l.: s.n. Mazur, B., 2010. Cultural Diversity in Organisational Theory and Practice. Journal of Intercultural Management, November, 02(02), p. 515. SCImago, 2014. Cross Cultural Management. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. Silva, P., 2014. Cross Cultural Implications on Management Control Systems by Paulino Silva. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/PaulinoSilva123/cross-cultural-implications-on-management-control-systems-by-paulino-silva

Leo Constellation free essay sample

Date and Time: Wednesday March 28th, 2012 at 9:40pm 2. Weather Conditions: 6 degrees, variably cloudy, wind speed: 24kmh 3. Camera Settings/Yes or No if tripod was used: No tripod was used, long shutter, ISO 1600, cloudy, vivid 4. Digital Camera: Canon Power Shot (12. 1 megapixels) 5. Exposure Time: 15 seconds 6. Altitude of the constellation in the sky: Declination at 15 degrees and visible at latitudes between +90 Orbiting the star is Gliese 436, one orbit around the red dwarf star is approximately 2Â  days and 15. 5Â  hours long at a distance of just 4. 3 million kilometers at about 30 light years from Earth. The Gliese 436b has an extremely perplexing atmosphere that has an abundance of carbon monoxide but a surprisingly low quantity of methane. Professor Joseph Harrington of the University of Central Florida believes that a planet like Gliese 436b is doing the opposite of what should be happening because it has an atmospheric temperature of more or less 400 degrees Celsius. The Gliese 436b is supposed to have major amounts of methane and no carbon monoxide. We will write a custom essay sample on Leo Constellation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, why is this happening? There are many different theories; however it is still quite a mystery to scientists. More recently, in 2008 a team of astronomers from the Spanish Research Council, including Dr. Jean Philippe Beaulieu have discovered a possible terrestrial-type planet orbiting a star in the constellation Leo. The new planet is named GJ 436c and it is about 30 light years away from Earth and one full day on GJ 436c is equal to three weeks on Earth. Earth to a great extent is obviously very different from these exo-planets (Gliese 436b) that are being called super-Earths. New discoveries about the universe are difficult to unearth, however when they are, it can be even harder to understand them!

Vermonts civil union law essays

Vermont's civil union law essays Vermonts civil union law would be good for the country in a number of ways, some of which are not so much ethical, but moral. Allowing a man to be united with another man, or a woman with another woman will not signify the end of society. Will it bring about changes? Absolutely! That is what this entire argument is all about; change. Change is unpopular. It tears at the glass walls of our individual paradigms, creates chaos and uncertainty amongst some individuals, and puts almost everyone in a state of uneasiness. But change always occurs! Could we have come this far as a society without change? Technology, medical science, education, and our abilities as humans are pushed to new boundaries each and every day. This would not be possible without change. Most of us tell our children its not nice to say derogatory remarks concerning a persons race, sex, or religious preference. We educate our children that they must be open-minded and that god gave them a brain that is capable of doing and creating such wonderful things. We tell them how smart they are (or will be) and how their education and life experiences or exposures are so much greater than ours. Then we force our old values upon them...........just the way our parents did to us, and their parents did to them. Maybe women shouldnt have the right to vote? Maybe no person should be entitled to hold land or any property; everything should belong to the state? Maybe marriage outside ones own race should be outlawed? Maybe blacks should go back into slavery? Would society have been a better place if change hadnt occurred? Should we vote to go back to the way it was? How many of us would want to do that? When all these issues were at large, there was similar sentiment about them as there is about same sex coupling. Some were for it, others were against it. I believe in allowing same sex marriages. ...

English Language Larners Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English Language Larners Case Study - Essay Example For example, we are told that Elsa does not have enough people around her with whom she would practice the speaking of English language when she goes home. Worse of all, there are not as many English language learning materials around her at home as there are Spanish learning materials. Meanwhile, learning through literacy development brings out the idea that practice is one of the best ways to master the learning of English language (Smiley and Salsberry, 2007). This is because as people practice what they have learnt, they get the opportunity to make mistakes and also correct these mistakes. Constant practice also speeds up the process of gaining proficiency as it makes the learner have the luxury of devising personal methodologies of learning the language. Again for Elsa, what is happening is that she is suffering interference in her attempt to learn English as a second language as in school, she gets the opportunity of speaking Spanish with other colleagues who are Hispanic. Inde ed, if English had been the only language she spoke in school, the need for her to take her English lessons seriously would have gone up because that would have been the only way by which she would have had people to communicate with. As far as those happenings that we are not particularly certain about are concerned, mention can be made of the fact that Elsa is not receiving much parental support as far as the learning of English as a second language is concerned. This assumption is made against the background that in the case of Elsa, we read of no drastic attempts being made by the parents or other relations at home to get the little English learner motivated to learn English at the fastest rate possible. It is said that motivation are different and comes in different forms. The two generalized types of motivation that can be applied to a young English language learner like Elsa are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Presently, any of these forms of motivation seem to be absent at home for Elsa. If intrinsic motivation was available for Elsa, we would have read of her parents trying to motivate her by trying to speak English with her, getting her as extra class teacher, praising her on her attempts and efforts in learning the English language, and planning special holidays for her for efforts she puts up at school. If extrinsic motivation were also available, we would have read of parents of Elsa buying English language learning materials like wall charts, books and films for Elsa. Indeed, motivation is an important element and reinforcement that speeds up the rate of learning for any new English language learner like Elsa. Four different relevant issues Judging from the readings, there are number of important issues that come up to describe the type of English language learner that Elsa is. Most of these issues also help us in knowing precisely what is wrong with the progress rate of Elsa and how this problem can be corrected or minimized. The first issue that is directly related to the type of English language learner Elsa is has to do with the issue of a learner who lags behind when it comes to English language learning experience. This was made manifest when she was presented with the chapter to read. It is a good sign that Ms Smith also identified this and started thinking of ways of helping Elsa to get more out of the reading experience. The second issue

Organizational culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Organizational culture - Assignment Example rtaken in this  process  include lectures, video materials, prints, formal meetings, or orientations to introduce new employees to their  respective  work  and firms, based on the computer.  According to research by Schein (2010), socialization methods project towards positive outcomes for the recently employed workers such as  superb  job  performance,  superior  organizational commitment, greater job satisfaction and  tremendous  reduction in stress levels.  These results are  vital  to a  firm  that looks to  retain  its competitive  advantage  in ever increasing  portable  and globalized personnel. Fast growing organizations like AIT Laboratories employ strategies of conducting  excellent  onboarding. These companies  base  on four  critical  factors of  culture  as well as  leadership. These factors include Mission, Consistency, Involvement and Adaptability. Corporate culture is a  mixture  of the values, symb ols, rituals, beliefs, taboos and myths that  develop  overtime in all companies.  The video corporate culture shows how cultures of different organizations develop overtime.  It also shows how these cultures carefully implement and  nurture  its values. With the new Vice President, the situation will lead to a raise in the productivity of the  firm  because only the best  get  picked. There is a high probability of the chosen employee being creative and  inventive  because the recruiting  system  focusses on those issues. If I were the Vice President, I would  communicate  in person through giving a speech to the employees after a team building  day  that I would have

Effect of Social Responsibility on Organisation Productivity

Effect of Social Responsibility on Organisation Productivity Can social responsibilities effect the productivity of organisations in the Hospitality and catering Public thinking and opinion are the contents of the crucible from which the social fabric of a community, town, region, nation and international community are borne. The very nature of this arena (social consciousness), is an on-going evolutionary process which is reflective of the era one chooses to examine. Within the European Union legislation in varied areas has been enacted to improve the overall quality of services delivered to the public at large as well as for the benefit of workers. And while the United Kingdom is not a member of this body, the reforms, legislation and policies enacted become known and thus places the government under social pressure to enact changes in response to the overall public welfare. The progressive foundation of the United Kingdoms social policies provides a climate whereby the public expects that government stay abreast of new socially oriented developments as they develop and with such progress comes cost. The cost of enacting and overseeing same is borne by either the government, which translates is its people, and or by business. Sometimes referred to as the welfare state the United Kingdom has demonstrated historically demonstrated sensitivity to social issues and reform and this underlying foundation is comprised of three key elements which; Guarantees a set of minimum standards which includes a minimum income Provides for social protection And that services will be carried out in the best possible manner. The social welfare consciousness in the United Kingdom is extensive in terms of its embracing a broad spectrum of initiatives, thus private enterprises are bound by regulations and laws in keeping with this responsibility as established by the public trust. Those organizations that engage in extensive contact or service to the public and are particularly scrutinized and susceptible to implementation of both required (meaning legalized or regulated social policy mandates) and generally accepted norms of behaviour as well as conduct, and rightly so. Such public mandates carry with them implementation as well as ongoing maintenance costs which can manifest themselves in wage, compliance, training as well as standards in delivering and providing services. Such is the cost to the government, its populace and businesses to live in an environment which is in keeping with and reflects our modern society. These standards are particularly important when industry directly services the public as the impact of said services is immediate and on a mass scale. Given the relatively high content of labour intensity in the hospitality and catering industries, regulated or legislated changes can result in additional costs and thus reduce productivity as a result. New legislation which has been enacted for the hospitality and catering sector as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦essential regulatory guidanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with such having an effect that it encompasses some 1,500 pages of information. The sheer volume of this data can be overwhelming to an industry sector which is primarily composed (80%) of small sized firms (SMEs) employing 10 or fewer people. The new legislation sets standards in wages, the workplace, food preparation mandates, equipment and facility requirements which are in the publics interest as well as its employees which is the social responsibility of both the government and the industry sector (hospitality and catering), with the cost in time, expense, upgrades, modifications and compliance resulting in net expenditures that affect bottom line performance. Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical Social Climate The centralized governmental structure that is utilized in the United Kingdom nationalizes a social implementation process that can be traced back to the Poor Laws. These reforms, the first of which was enacted in 1598 and which drew to an end in 1958, started with; 1. the establishment of a poor rate foundation (meaning the level which established this as a social phenomenon), 2. utilization of overseers to administer relief, 3. and provisions designed to put the poor to work The Poor Laws were replaced by the passage of the; 1. 1946 National Insurance Act, which ushered in the foundations for social security 2. 1946 National Health Service Act 3. 1948 National Assistance Act that eliminated the Poor Law 4. and the 1948 Children Act The preceding developments effectively placed the countrys social policy on the path that defines its present day terms. The manner in which social policy is viewed in Europe, and its influence on the United Kingdom is an important variable in understanding why consistent changes and modifications to existing regulations, legislation and laws is necessary to keep pace with progressive developments that are in the interest of all concerned (government, citizens and the business community). This mood and historical climate help to shape the psychological parameters that act upon this area. Anderson (1983) has postulated that the social bond of deep horizontal comradeship is a key foundational element in nationalism and the corresponding socio-psychological ideology. Connor (1993) adds that the idea of nation is an emotional process and in global terms it forms an aspect of an individuals identity. The devastation in Europe that was a result of World War II created the social climate for welfares which was adopted as foundation for social policy in many European countries, including the United Kingdom. The mass scale of fragmentation as a result of refugees, displaced persons, the destruction of towns cities and the breach of national security created what leaders termed a lack of social cohesion which needed to be reinforced to provide the populace with the belief that circumstances would indeed improve as a result of policies and programs being put into place. To make this work, leaders believed that the establishment of a base level of political and economic provisions for citizens would provide assurances of the foregoing. In order to implement such policies they had to be introduced on a national level through institutions and agencies that needed to be created to administer a uniform code of social and financial services. The preceding was a major factor in why social policy in Europe is more liberalized and generous than in the United States. World War II also resulted in an elimination and or erosion of historical European monarchies and the formation of constitutional frameworks reflective of20th century thinking. The foregoing historical, political, economic and social variables are the key components blended into the European term which is the called the welfare state. The British Labour Party platform after winning the election in 1945 stated Jobs for all along with Social insurance against the rainy dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and included plans to attain said goals. The victory by the Labour Party was unforeseen and helped to establish a tone not only in Great Britain, but the rest of Europe as the publics vote heralded the beginnings of heightened social consciousness. 1.2 Sector Ramifications Hospitality and Catering The preceding understanding of the United Kingdoms social fabric is important in equating the recent legislation affecting the hospitality and catering sector. Both sectors are highly dependent on labor and as a result any new regulations or legislation have a deeper impact due to the labour dependant composition that characterizes its makeup. Said changes must not only be communicated, but overseen as well and these changes cannot be simply written into a software program or changes in assembly line methods, they are by and large done by individuals. Additionally the general low wage composition of this sector for a good percentage of its employees means that additional compliance slows productivity as it is primarily manual in nature. The new legislation is estimated to affect and estimated 81% of the business in this sector Economically the increase of compliance and legislative changes in the service sector as a factor of a countrys GDP decreases the economic growth rate with a corresponding decline in productivity rates due tithe costs involved. The hospitality and catering sectors are within the broader classification termed Travel and Tourism and this industry is projected to become the largest classification globally during 2005. As such the major issue facing the hospitality and catering sector is increasing productivity so that it will affect the profitability of operations. With this industry sector (hospitality and catering)representing an estimated 1 out of 12.4 jobs throughout all industry classifications the implications of increased productivity represents sizeable gain in economic strength and the corresponding effect upend (Gross Domestic Product). The composition of the companies within this industry (hospitality and catering) forms a critical component in equating the influence of social responsibility and the resultant impact on productivity as a result of expenditures to comply. It is important to understand that fully 94% of the 2.7 SMEs within the travel and tourism sector are comprised of what is termed micro-enterprises that employ less than ten (10) individuals, and 94% of this total represents approximately fifty present (50%) of the labour force. The newly enacted legislation encompasses social responsibility in that it seeks to standardize not only the delivery of services within this sector, it also benefits the individuals employed therein as well. An examination of the varied factors comprising productivity in the hospitality and catering sector to correlate the effect of social responsibilities requires an understanding of the structural as well as staffing variables within each sector along with any new regulations, laws and or legislation which might act upon bottom line performance. Chapter 2 Methodology 2.1 Gaining a Perspective As the subject of this paper asks the complex question of how social responsibilities act upon productivity, the logical point to first understand is the nature and breathe of where social responsibility emanates from and what it indeed means. The preceding broad context was undertaken to permit the gathering of information on an ad hoc basis rather than utilizing the blinders of preconceived notions or understandings which might not reflect actual circumstances or conditions as they transpired. Research methodology, regardless of personal knowledge, demands that one look at the subject with a clean mental slate in order to maintain objectivity. This means exploring the process from all conceivable angles. As understanding the implications of the foregoing formed the starting point, delving into searches via the internet was determined to be the point of origin from which to gain a perspective. The subject of social responsibility is a fluid rather than static subject. It is based upon the point in time one is looking at as social changes reflect human consciousness and awareness which is consistently evolving. However, it also based upon what preceded it in the past. The area of social responsibility has its roots in the temper and climate of the society it is borne into and how that idea was/is expounded upon. The social bond of deep horizontal comradeship as put forth by Anderson (1983) forms an important base element in the formation of nationalism as well as the corresponding socio-psychological ideology. As the historical significance of all the component parts required background information, secondary research was conducted utilizing Internet search engines to gather data from journals and articles as well as to determine what literature sources (books) to be explored. The nature of the subject is well suited to secondary research ahistorical events held the factual records of the evolution of the social policy process. Secondary research provides the benefit of obtaining detailed facts, dates and information which can be analyzed against the subject matter at hand. And while primary research gathers opinion, viewpoints and information first hand, it is a structured process that requires prior experience with the subject to formulate the basis for questions, interviews and information which form the prevailing view but not necessarily the answer. Following the historical timeline of events in society, the industry sector, government and labour provided the inputs that revealed the sources and underpinnings which contained the answers. While there are varied voluntary aspects and areas that a firm can undertake which qualify as social responsibility said measures would be difficult to equate in terms of their application, use and affect unproductivity. Therefore, the source of any social responsibly issues needed to consist of something that applied on a broad basis and was identifiable as well as fit the parameters. In this instance the source is the legislation adopted by the United Kingdom from the European Union such as the Employment Rights Act 1996) which set forth a broad spectrum of regulations, compliance and rules as well as catering legislation and regulations that have been enacted. Chapter 3 Literature Review 3.1 A Broad Spectrum of Inputs As the United Kingdom is connected by history and geographic location to the European Union, even though it has not become a member, it recognizes the broader implications of keeping in step with the developments, rules and regulations this body enacts. Within this context the United Kingdoms recent legislation affecting the hospitality and catering sectors finds its roots in said organization. Organizations such as: 1. The European Federation of Trade Unions in the Food, Agriculture and Tourism (EFFAT), and 2. HOTREC (Hotels, Restaurant and Cafes in Europe, were two contributors to the EU Commission from which the broad compendium of laws, rules, regulations and policy was adopted. The following summarizes those organizations: 1. The European Federation of Trade Unions in the Food, Agriculture and Tourism (EFFAT) This organization is a federation that represents 120 trade unions throughout Europe in 35 countries (European Union and non-European Union nations). With a membership roster in excess of 2,600,000 it utilizes their input and consensus to investigate and formulate policies in a multitude of areas. EFFATs policy statement mentions that the organization is committed to sustainable development in areas such as pollution, drinking water quality and availability as well as ecological problems through dialogue and cooperation and recommendations. The organization is also cognizant of migration and immigration issues in the industries it represents and how these types of individuals form a good portion of the labour pool for the sectors it represents, thus indicating the need for effective training techniques and the associated laws and regulations to protect the interests of these groups as well as turning them into productive workers. 2. HOTREC (Hotels, Restaurant and Cafes in Europe) As one would assume the hotel, restaurant, and cafÃÆ' © sectors are governed by strong social laws, externally (for the protection of the public), and internally (for the protection of employees). The extensive numbers of measures (in excess of fifty [50]), has been identified as a source of concern by this organization as these industries are labour intensive that compliance will increase the operating costs and potentially affect employment as well as growth. Milton Friedman explains that since individuals run businesses, the social responsibility of these firms is an outgrowth of the management culture and their understanding as well as identification with the notion of social precepts. Friedman poses the question that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦first step toward clarity.. entails understanding the context of social responsibility in terms of what it ..implies for whom. Friedman explained the fit of social consciousness in business should not become lost in the complexity as the process is simple, people run enterprises and as individuals they are influenced by society as well as being a part of it. Thus as ones influence and responsibilities increase, so does the need to expand their vision in terms of the effects of that influence and act accordingly. The requirement that individuals thinking terms of the implications and ramifications of the sphere of influence exerted by a company as well as the generation of profits. The reminder and assertion being put forward is that regardless of the profit motive, business has an obligation to other individuals as a result of the humanity of our global community. The acts of labour, government and the industry has shown that the concept of social responsibility is an active component of the hospitality and catering sector as evidenced by the following organizational meetings which included or focused on social responsibility issues as an important part of their agendas; A. World Summit for Social Development, International Labour Organizations Sectorial Activities Programme B. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms C. Ministerial Conference on Human Rights of the European Social Charter D. International Labour Organizations Sectorial Activities Programme E. Tripartite Meeting on Human Resources Development, Employment and Globalization in the Hotel, Catering and Tourism Sector The following organizations helped to set the framework for the European Commission and are examples of governmental, industry, jaborandi social consciousness which provided the specifics concerning social responsibility and its effects upon productivity, as well as means to harness this in a method which is positive for employers and employees; A. World Summit for Social Development, International Labour Organizations Sectorial Activities Programme The World Summit for Social Development meeting of March 1995 in Copenhagen pledged to reduce poverty, work toward the objective of full employment, and to foster social integration. As a United Nations organization the importance of the influence of this program is obvious, making the issues a global concern via utilization of a formal stage under the aegis of the U. N. The conference convened in Geneva in2000 to review the commitments made in Copenhagen in 1995. The importance of this initiative has moved the sphere of social policy tithe forefront of global attention. B. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Organized under the Council of Europe, the name of the Convention explains its origins as well as purpose. As a natural outgrowth, social policies were tabled and have helped to shape the social responsibility concerns which business needs to embrace as part of the broader human community. C. Ministerial Conference on Human Rights of the European Social Charter This Conference put forth an extensive list of employment related social and legal accords which were agreed to by the countries comprising Europeans a foundation for commercial regulations ensuring fundamental as well as progressive social rights. This list forms the underpinning of all social responsibility areas in the public arena and thus sets a standard for social corporate behaviour. The extensive list shall be elaborated on in Chapter 4. D. International Labour Organizations Sectorial Activities Programme As a separate organization devoted to labour issues the International Labour Organization segments its Sectorial Activities Programme into industrial classifications. This organization brings together business, government and people, Tripartite, so that initiatives undertaken have balance due to all entities being represented. The policies implemented by this organization have a binding effect as a result of this tripartite mixture. It actualizes discussion at other levels (meaning organizations and programs), into working realities. E. Tripartite Meeting on Human Resources Development, Employment and Globalization in the Hotel, Catering and Tourism Sector This is the industry Programme specifically devoted to the Tourism classification. The policies and areas identified by these organizations helped to form parts of the European Union enactments which was then adopted by the United Kingdom and subsequently resulted in the 1,500 pages of legislation for the Hospitality and Catering sectors which covers: 1. The Employment Rights Act of 1996 2. Working Time Regulations of 1998 3. Employment Relations Act of 1999 4. Part-Time Workers Regulations of 2000 5. 1990 Food Safety Act and subsequent amendments a. General Product Safety Regulations b. Hygiene Legislation c. Food Control Regulations d. Food Law Guide The extent of the foregoing is so extensive that they shall be discussed under the following section. Chapter 4 Analysis of Data 4.1 Social Responsibility in Modern Society In order to understand the aspect(s) of social responsibilities with regard to their effect on the productivity of firms within the hospitality and catering sector of the travel and tourism industry classification, one must first be cognizant of the broader spectrum from which this emanates, social policies which evolve from public opinion. This is also termed as a social contract which is a term that has been derived from political science and sociology to signify both real as well as hypothetical understandings or agreements within country concerning the rights and responsibilities of citizens as well as the nation. Jean Rousseau (1762) stated that the social contract is an understanding that in order for individuals to live in a society they must agree that in exchange for this society (nation) giving them certain rights such as the right to live, they also must give up certain aspects such as harming others, and that as a result the society (nation) is obligated to administer laws and rights equally as well as fairly. This social contract is a living entity that is modified, amended and adjusted by public opinion that changes the context of laws and regulations as the social consciousness of the society (nation) evolves. The implication of the foregoing is that if individuals demand and require more rights these rights carry with them the caveat that the individuals within said society (nation) also must agree to and take on more responsibilities and the nature and weight of these responsibilities increase with more rights. Simply stated, more rights mean more responsibilities and less responsibility mean fewer rights. The prior statement has been utilized to provide a foundational point of understanding to illustrate that social responsibility factors are an outgrowth of said social contract and the process is evolutionary in nature. Individuals within a society become familiar with the implications of this contract through the educational process, media, elections, voting and other communication forms. Most of the contents of this contract are understood by high percentage of the population which know that voicing said opinions through activist groups and contacting elected officials is the process by which newer theories and or applications of social practice and behaviour are updated to contemporary terms. As companies and corporations are an inherent part of the societal fabric they are bound by social codes of conduct and behaviour both legislated as well as those that are considered part of progressive thinking and behaviour. Governmental reforms and acceptance on an official basis of new theories, understandings and precepts of social conduct and responsibility is necessarily a slow process because it must weigh and consider the ramifications of each aspect and how this affects existing and accepted social norms, as well as the negative impacts and how such affect all aspects of the social fabric. This simplified summary explanation is neither in defence of or a comment on government reaction to new inputs. Not all forms or aspects of this social contract(understandings) are formalized, meaning being a part of laws or regulations, they can tend to be rules of accepted conduct or progressive thinking (and living) which become an expected part of these progressive circles. 4.2. UK Legislation As stated by Bob Cotton, Chief Executive of the British Hospitality Association, the number of the regulations enacted by the United Kingdom covering the hospitality and catering sectors, some 1,500pages, represents a compliance maze has become a time, cost and administrative burden for an industry primarily comprised of smaller firms. He indicated that even with amendments to reduce the total number it would still à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦impose new cost burdens which are just as onerous. The European Laws introduced since 1997 under this and other legislations has increased the compliance and administrative cost to businesses by 46% (currently  £30 billion), in what the Derby Council calls à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦red tapeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A survey by the British Chambers of Commerce has stated that the laws covering the protection of data, maternity as well as paternity leaves and other areas are costing businesses billions of pounds, and in a study conducted by the Burdens Barometers this figure was calculated as being in excess of  £10 billion since being put into effect in 1999. In all the total bill for areas indicated as red tape have been estimated as adding  £9 billion in costs just in 2003.The following will summarize the extensive nature of the preceding: 1. The Employment Rights Act of 1996 Consisting of 245 segments under Chapter 18 the Act sets forth Employment Particulars which are the foundation for a broad number of areas affecting the hospitality and catering sectors within the context of this paper. This Act also forms the framework for the Working Time Regulations of 1998which contains a number of amendments that represent part of the new legislation. Some highlights of this Act are: a. Employment Particulars b. Protection of Wages c. Guarantee Payments d. Sunday Working for Shop and Betting Workers e. Protection from Suffering Detriment in Employment f. Time Off Work g. Suspension from Work h. Maternity Rights I. Termination of Employment j. Right not to be Unfairly Dismissed k. Remedies for Unfair Dismissal 2. Working Time Directive The additional paperwork, regulations, new benefits and associated measures comprising the amendment to the Working Time Directive which specifies minimums for health and safety under Article 2 of Directive89/391/EEC and Article 17. The Directive amendment sets forth provisions for the following in the private and public sectors: a. rest period minimums for a days, weeks and annual vacation as well as break periods, maximum weekly hours b. aspects covering certain areas concerning night shifts, shifts and work patterns. The following sets forth provisions under the preceding sections: a. Minimum Rest Periods: 1). Article 3 Daily rest Specified as a minimum daily period of rest between working periods of 11 hours 2). Article 4 Breaks Specifies that when the shift exceeds six hours each employee is entitled to a rest break as specified and laid out in collective agreements 3). Article 5 Weekly rest period During a seven-day period each worker is entitled to the indicated11-hour daily rest and a minimum 24-hour rest period which is specified as Sunday 4). Maximum weekly working time This is subject to the prevailing country law and the total working time for the seven day period shall not exceed 48 hours (in the United Kingdom), which includes overtime b. Night Work Shifts and Patterns of Work 1). Workers on the night shift are to receive a health assessment free of charge prior to being assigned and any worker who is determined to have a health problem that is diagnosed as connected to night work shall be transferred as soon as possible to day work shifts 2). The indicated health assessment must conform to medical terms of confidentiality 3). Employers compliance with the indicated health assessment can be performed via the national health system c. Night work guarantees Certain night worker categories shall receive guarantees as specified by legislation of that country concerning risks at work to their health and or safety 1). Article 11 Notification concerning the regular utilization of night employees health and safety protection If so requested by authorized agencies and or individuals information concerning night workers shall be provided by the company 2). Article 12 Pattern of work Countries shall see that regulations are in place to guide employers in setting procedures for night employees that minimize repetitive patterns and set a rate that provides safety and health specifications 3). Article 13 Safety and health protection Countries shall see that night employees as well as shift employees have the appropriate safety and health protection applicable to the work being performed The preceding are provisions that are applicable in this instance for the hospitality and catering sector concerning social responsibility aspects whereby costs are incurred as a result of their enactment. The Employment Relations Act of 1999 sets forth those provisions that are cost additives for businesses under social responsibility: a. Maternity and Parental Leave 1999 Maternity leave is granted to employees who meet certain criteria and conditions: 1).That said employee notify the employer of the maternity leave period 21days prior to the date said leave shall commence as long as she has notified the employer of said pregnancy, the expected day of delivery and the date of maternity leave commencement. 2). Said employee shall provide the employer with documentation on said pregnancy from a licensed medical practitioner, or midwife and that such be in writing if so directed. That the employer shall allow foresaid maternity leave be at least 18 weeks. The cost additive under social responsibility in this instance is that said provision applies to all workers. In the past part time workers were not entitled and thus their return to their positions was subject to the discretion of the employer and not a right. 3). Parental Leave If an employee has been with the firm on a continual basis for a period of not less than 1 year and has direct legal responsibility for amino, then said employee shall be entitled to 13 weeks parental leave(not consecutive) and shall not lose their job as a result. a. Time off for domestic incidents Employees are entitled to paid time off for domestic incidents as set forth in collective agreements. b. Part-Time Worker Regulations of 2000 Under this provision part-time workers shall be paid at the same rates full time employees for comparable work and shall also be paid for overtime under the same understanding. The seasonal as well as temporary workers within the hospitality and catering sectors are benefited by the Act, however employers who formerly utilized this category as a justification to pay lower wages now have this as a cost additive. Part-time workers are entitled to the same coverage and other provisions of full time workers on a pro-rata basis. c. 1990 Food Safety Act and subsequent amendments The importance of regulating and ensuring the public safety is a function of government and the Food Safety Act of 1990 was enacted